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🔁Patterns

Finding and extending repeating patterns

🔁

Finding and Extending Patterns

Key Points

  • A pattern repeats in a predictable way — shapes, colors, numbers, or sounds can all form patterns
  • Every pattern has a CORE UNIT — the part that repeats (like 'AB' in ABABAB)
  • Identifying the RULE of a pattern helps you predict what comes next
  • Computers use patterns everywhere — programs are built on predictable, repeating rules!

📘 Examples

❓ What comes next: 🔴🔵🔴🔵🔴 ___?

✅ 🔵! The pattern is red-blue-red-blue. The core unit is 'red-blue', so next is blue!

❓ What comes next: 2, 4, 6, 8, ___?

✅ 10! The rule is +2. Each number is 2 more than the last — it's a skip-counting pattern!

❓ What is the core unit of: AABBAABB?

✅ The core unit is 'AABB'! It repeats twice to make AABB AABB!

🌟 Fun Fact!

Patterns appear everywhere in nature! Sunflower seeds grow in spirals, and the number of spirals is ALWAYS a Fibonacci number (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13...). Nature codes with math! 🌻

Pattern recognition is one of the foundations of computational thinking. Spotting that something repeats, and describing the rule behind it, is the step before writing any code.

This is genuinely transferable. The same skill underlies multiplication, spelling rules, scientific classification, and music, which is why it is worth teaching directly rather than assuming it develops on its own.

Ideas to build

  • Identifying a repeating unit and predicting what comes next.
  • Describing a rule in words, which is the beginning of writing an algorithm.
  • Finding a pattern that is not visual, such as in numbers or sounds.
  • Recognising when a pattern breaks, which is essentially debugging.

Things to do at home

  • Make patterns with physical objects and ask the child to continue and then describe the rule.
  • Clap rhythms for the child to repeat and extend, showing patterns need not be visual.
  • Look for patterns in tiles, fabrics, and brickwork and work out the repeating unit.
  • Deliberately break a pattern and ask the child to find the error, which is debugging in miniature.

Frequently asked questions

Why are patterns important in coding?
Because recognising repetition is what lets you write a loop instead of repeating instructions. Spotting a pattern and describing its rule is the same thinking that produces an algorithm.
What is computational thinking?
Breaking problems into parts, spotting patterns, ignoring irrelevant detail, and designing step-by-step solutions. It is a way of thinking that applies well beyond computers.
At what age can children start learning coding concepts?
The underlying ideas can start around age four or five with physical patterns and sequences, well before any screen is involved. Sequencing and pattern work is genuine preparation for programming.